Weather Satellites: GOES 2

GOES 2 - Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 2

Launch date: June 16, 1977

Launch site: Cape Canaveral, Florida

Launch vehicle: Delta 2914

PROGRAM OBJECTIVE:

The second operational satellite in NOAA's geosynchronous weather satellite system. The satellite was designed to sense meteorological conditions from a fixed location above the Earth, and to provide this data to operational forecasters and private interests on the ground. This satellite was designed to replace SMS I over the Atlantic.

SPACECRAFT DESCRIPTION:

The spacecraft was a cylinder 75 inches in diameter, 106 inches high and weighed 650 pounds. The sides of the cylinder were covered by 15,000 solar cells which, along with nicad batteries, provided the power for the craft. A single triangular magnetometer unit was located on the top of the craft which extended 33". The spacecraft was spin stabilized and rotated at 100 revolutions per minute.

The principle instrument on board was the Visible Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer (VISSR) which provided day and night imagery of cloud conditions over the full-disk. The satellite had the capability to continuously monitor cataclysmic weather events such as hurricanes and typhoons, relay meteorological data from over 10,000 surface locations into a central processing center for incorporation into numerical weather prediction models, and to perform facsimile transmission of processed images and weather maps to WEFAX field stations. In addition, a Space Environment Monitor (SEM) and Data Collection System (DCS) similar to those on the NOAA polar orbiters were installed.

GOES 2 was placed in a geostationary orbit directly over the equator over 60W in order to replace SMS I. The WEFAX system on this satellite is still operational, although cloud images are no longer being received from this system. The craft was reactivated in 1995 to transmit educational programming throughout the Hawaiian Islands from the University of Hawaii.

PARTICIPANTS:

NASA, NOAA, Ford Aerospace, McDonnell Douglas